CAPM and the use of it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

CAPM and the use of it - Essay Example CAPM is popular because of its simplicity and utility at various problems. CAPM is used to quantify the risk associated with the assets and then translate it into the returns associated with the securities (Mullins 2012). CAPM is actually used to make calculations of a single security. The formula is very simple which is used in calculations. It includes the expected return on the capital assets, risk free rate of interest, market risk which is denoted by beta, market premium and the risk premium. Now the description of all of these components is given as follow; Here beta or the market risk is very important. Every company also has its own beta value which is useful for every type of calculations. A specific company’s beta value means the risk associated with the company but in comparison with the whole operational market. But when we talk about beta in capital asset pricing model i.e. CAPM then it means the market risk which any company must face during their cost and return calculations. By definition the value of beta is equal to 1.0. The application of CAPM gives its best results when all of the above assumptions are met in an appropriate environment. These assumptions are made regarding a generalized conditional environment. Whenever any specific different situation may come and the investor may feel any difficulty then the researchers start their duty and find any other way to solve the problem. Therefore we may see certain modified versions of theories and models. The basic theme and assumptions of these theories and models is same only the operational side may be modified according to the situations. Some critics are of the opinion that CAPM assumptions are totally unrealistic, but still there are many supporters of this model of capital asset pricing model. From the very beginning (i.e. just after introducing CAPM), the

Culmination is the Zenith Essay Example for Free

Culmination is the Zenith Essay Considering the blooming of the bud to be the zenith in being the flower, in lieu with the activity conducted, Culminating Activity is bringing out the best of what the child has learnt as a unit. BHIS emphasises on Trans disciplinary curriculum which correlates every aspect of learning done in the school. It is of immense importance that education is not just textbook and classroom learning but a practical and application oriented format of learning. Culmination activities do just that. These activities correlate the various developing skills relating to intelligence, linguistic, social, physical et al. This activity is conducted twice a year . The first being during the 1st term and the 2nd in the month of March. In the month of __________________ Grd. 1 had the first culminating Activity which had Water as its theme. All the students of Grd. 1 participated in it, making sure the learning on the theme water was complete in it’s own way. Working with the children of my class I understood that through this activity the children, who might have not actively participated in the classroom sessions of Water, were seen to be doing it here and very enthusiastically. The Culminating Activity consisted of a skit, Tiddalik the Frog, followed by a song. The children also gave a brief presentation on ‘Water’. Weeks of practice made this activity a huge success in the presence of the parents. It is also apt to note that this activity though small had a great role in building confidence in the children.

Free Glass Menagerie Essays: The Temporary Metamorphosis of Laura :: Glass Menagerie essays

The Temporary Metamorphosis of Laura in The Glass Menagerie Laura Winfield in The Glass Menagerie goes through a temporary metamorphosis during the course of the play. She is a slightly crippled and very shy young girl who is having a hard time finding her way in the world. She is hopeless and beautiful all at the same time. She is trapped in a world that is spiraling quickly into doom. Laura lives in the St. Louis of the Depression with her restless brother Tom and her half-mad, overbearing mother Amanda. Her father left the family for a life on the road. "He worked for the telephone-company and fell in love with long distances." This left Tom as the only breadwinner in the family and her mother in a desperate and touched condition. Tom got a job in a warehouse. He deeply resented this and craved freedom and adventure. He would disappear every night to go to the movies to find his release. This would soon be not enough, though, and both Laura and her mother sensed this. The mother constantly hounded Tom. She would continually point out every flaw he had. They would erupt into fierce arguments that made it difficult to tell if she was deliberating with Tom or his absent father. Her mother was from the south; a place called Blue Mountain. She was a beautiful girl there and had a lot of gentleman callers. She pined bitterly over the loss of this place and time and the poor choice she made in husbands. Even if Laura had no physical defects it would have been hard for her to succeed given these circumstances. At the beginning of the play Laura is wrapped up in her own little world of glass creatures and phonograph records. She is afraid of people and afraid of the world. She is like one of the inceptions in her glass menagerie. She is a thing of fragile beauty in a hard world. She doubts herself and her abilities. Her mother, though, is determined to see that her daughter does not become a victim of her situation. Her mother tries, almost too hard, to see her daughter through. It is, however, through her mother's attempts that we see the temporary metamorphosis of Laura. In scene two we find out that Laura's mother has discovered that she has dropped out of business school.

Modernism: A Critical Analysis

T. S. Eliot did not invent modernism in literature, but his poem The Waste Land (1922) expresses more distinctly than anyone else what the modernist endeavor really was. More than a poem, it was an occasion, a cry that defined a moment in time, and which it is not possible to repeat. Eliot himself declared that he had moved on from the style of The Waste Land immediately after. Shortly after its publication he expressed in a private correspondence, â€Å"As for The Waste Land, that is a thing of the past so far as I am concerned and I am now feeling toward a new form and style† (qtd. in Chinitz 69).The Hollow Men (1926) is nothing as fragmentary, chaotic and nihilistic as is the 1922 poem. In The Waste Land we seem he hear an unalloyed expression of despair; the despair that purposeful art in no more possible in â€Å"the immense panorama of futility and anarchy which is contemporary history† (qtd. in Sigg 182). Yet the poem is not a complete negation of art. It manages a sort of coherence towards the end, in which we may read a suggestion that art may still be possible amidst desolate meaninglessness of the modern age.The First World War is the event that finally shattered the cozy certainties of the Victorian age. At a more protean level, it annulled the optimism of the humanist endeavor which gave rise to the Renaissance, the Enlightenment and the scientific world view. It is significant that the major part of this endeavor was carried out in art and literature. In the aftermath to the Great War came disillusionment, because it was widely perceived that progress did not bring peace but war – the most brutal and mindless sort. It was not just corpses and rubble that littered Europe, but the Western psyche too was littered with rubble.The Waste Land is essentially a collection of fragments from the tradition of literature. The ultimate statement made by Eliot is that there is no more meaning in which the artist can take his tradition and f urther it. Yet he cannot abandon the past either, for his identity is still contained within those fragments. â€Å"These fragments I have shored against my ruins,† says the Fisher King, who is not able to redeem the wasteland that stretches before him (Eliot 69). This expresses the core sentiment of the poem, which is in the end a mere collection of literary fragments. It is a demonstration of what the function of the artist has become, for the message of Eliot is that the artist is indeed reduced to gathering debris from his cultural past.Eliot’s poem is not meant to be imitated. Its function is to locate the spirit of the age and give it voice. So successful was it in this latter role that many of its literary features began to be adopted, especially so in the novel form, towards the creation of the modernist novel. The most common feature of this fiction is the dysfunctional and alienated protagonist in an urban setting who struggles against encroaching meaningless ness. Of this fiction Federman says, â€Å"The creatures of the new fiction will be as changeable, as illusory, as nameless, as unnamable, as fraudulent, as unpredictable as the discourse that makes them† (12).To render such a narrative effective novelists were soon employing a device known as â€Å"stream of consciousness†. It sacrifices coherence for an effect which seems to suggest that we are privy to the unexpurgated thoughts and impressions of the protagonist. Ulysses by James Joyce is composed entirely I this mode, and another novelist who use this method effectively is Virginia Woolf. Most often it is used for effect in novels which retain some meaningfulness, therefore are not entirely nihilistic. In such novels we identify the contining search for possibilities in art which Eliot had instigated.The novels of Franz Kafka use the conventional narrative voice, yet depict a world that is fragmented and devoid of meaning. The protagonist in The Trial wakes up one morning to discover that he is under arrest, subject to trial, but free to move about in the meantime. There is no immediate explanation of his wrong-doing, and none is forthcoming as the trial grinds on. Not only self-preservation, the protagonist is also seeking for meaning. But the only meaning that emerges is that ‘the system’ has decided that he is â€Å"the accused†, which has set into motion a process whose eventual and inevitable outcome is a brutal execution.Everybody seems to be helpless before the system, both friend and foe. They cannot effect its course, and neither can they extract meaning from it. The state embodies logic, of which Kafka says, â€Å"Logic is doubtless unshakable, but it cannot withstand a man who wants to go on living† (Kafka 263). Instead of war, Kafka’s focus is on the bureaucratization of the modern state, but evokes the same sense of despair and the helplessness of the individual before greater and inexplicable fo rces, the unmistakable stamp of modernism.The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway is also considered a modernist novel. Though more famed for his hard-edged realism, in this last effort before his death Hemingway has created a powerful parable of futility. Santiago is a Cuban fisherman who has met bad luck, having not caught a fish for 84 days. On the 85th day he becomes reckless and ventures further into the sea than anyone else before. He hooks a marlin of such tremendous size that it hauls Santiago and his boat around sea for and entire day.The old fisherman is soon locked in an epic battle of strength, guile and wits with the marlin, and expends every last bit of himself for over three days of struggle. Bloodied and drained, he has his catch in the end, which he begins to drag shoreward. But sharks then fall upon the marlin, and the old man cannot battle them off with his harpoon. Though futile, Hemingway suggests that the old man’s struggle has transcendental value.H e makes frequent comparisons between the old man and Christ, and describes the old man in awe of the nobility of the marlin, even while locked in a life and death battle with it. He is described as musing, â€Å"But it is good that we do not have to try to kill the sun or the moon or the stars. It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers† (Hemingway 75). In its tenor of unremitting futility the novel is modernist. The meaning discovered in the end is transcendental and religious, in which â€Å"the spirit of the individual† is pitched against â€Å"his biological limitations† (Walcutt 275). This is significant when we recall that Eliot too discovered religion later in life.In conclusion, in his poem The Waste Land Eliot expressed a feeling that conventional motivation of the artist was no longer relevant in the modern age, because the aspirations of the previous age, that which had motivated writers and artists in the Victorian era, had been rende red null and void. But at the same time it initiated a new quest in literature, which became a movement known as modernism, and especially employed by novelists. In their novels, which mostly emphasized the meaninglessness of modern existence, the modernist novelist nevertheless tends to dicover transcendental or religious meaning.Works CitedChinitz, David. T.S. Eliot and the Cultural Divide. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.Eliot, Thomas Stearns. The Waste Land and Other Poems. New York: Penguin Classics, 1998.Federman, Raymond. Surfiction: Fiction Now and Tomorrow. Athens OH: Swallow Press, 1975.Hemingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.Kafka, Franz. The Trial. Trans. Willa Muir, Edwin Muir. New York: Schocken Books, 1995.Sigg, Eric Whitman. The American T. S. Eliot: A Study of the Early Writings. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Walcutt, Charles Child. American Literary Naturalism, A Divided Stream. Minneapolis: Universi ty of Minnesota Press, 1974.

Literary Merit in Bram Stoker’s Dracula Essay

Although it is rather a subjective concept, â€Å"literary merit† essentially means the worth, quality, or excellence of a writing relative to other well-renowned literary masterpieces. In a Constitutional framework, the absence or presence of literary merit would determine the government’s limits to freedom of expression. To possess literary merit would mean that the work is not obscene. The landmark case of Miller vs. California enumerates key guidelines to ascertain the literary merit of a particular text, to wit: 1) Whether the average person, applying contemporary community standards would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest†¦ 2)   Whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law , and 3)   Whether the work, taken as a whole lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. (Miller vs. California, 37 L. Ed. 2nd 419, 431 (1973)) Fundamentally speaking, in any framework, to have literary merit is to have value. The popularity of Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula has reached such endemic proportions that it has been claimed to be the most recognized book next to the Bible. A Victorian novel with the distinctive gothic appeal toward the macabre, Dracula has undeniably become a classic milestone in horror fiction. Establishing its literary merit however, is a different matter. A review from The Athenaeum, an influential periodical in Victorian England described the novel as â€Å"sensational.† The review further states: Dracula is highly sensational, but it is wanting in the constructive art as well as in the higher literary sense. It reads at times like a mere series of grotesquely incredible events; but there are better moments that show more power, though even these are never productive of the tremor such subjects evoke under the hand of a master. (The Athenaeum, 26 June 1897). Emphasis supplied. The unremitting succession of the bizarre, the gross and the fantastic, as explained in the review, would seem tantamount to a lack of refinement in the â€Å"higher literary sense.† This observation was supplemented by another review of the same sentiment: The plot is too complicated for reproduction, but it says no little for the author’s power that in spite of its absurdities the reader can follow the story with interest to the end. It is, however, an artistic mistake to fill a whole volume with horrors. A touch of the mysterious, the terrible, or the supernatural is infinitely more effective and credible. (Manchester Guardian, 15 June 1897). Emphasis supplied. As interpreted, instead of relying on the intelligence of the reader to grasp on their own the significance of subtle nuances and take in the various shifts and twists in the story as it evolves, Stoker instantly and unceasingly bombards the reader with an onslaught of palpable and shocking horrific scenes as if the reader is too untrustworthy and unsophisticated to deal with subtleties. If there seems to be little literary merit in the intellectual or scholarly sense, Dracula is still credited for its universal allure. The Pall Mall Gazette, in a commentary of Dracula states: †¦the story deals with the Vampire King, and it is horrid and creepy to the last degree. It is also excellent, and one of the best things in the supernatural line that we have been lucky enough to hit upon. (Pall Mall Gazette, 1 June 1897). Emphasis supplied. The universal allure of Dracula is probably in its resurrection of the vampire lore in a straightforward, practical and illustrative fashion. A vivid and uncomplicated quote from the novel confirms this:   â€Å"I shall cut off her head and fill her mouth with garlic, and I shall drive a stake through her body† (Stoker, 261). The novel’s refreshing simplicity is also evidenced in the following review:   Here, for the latest example, is Mr. Bram Stoker taking in hand the old-world legend of the Were-wolf or vampire, with all its weird and exciting associations of blood-sucking and human flesh devouring, and interweaving it with the threads of a long story with an earnestness, a directness, and a simple good faith which ought to go far to induce readers of fiction to surrender their imaginations into the novelist’s hands. (The Daily News, 27 May 1897). Emphasis supplied. While Bram Stoker’s Dracula is deficient in literary refinement, it nonetheless is considered to have literary merit by virtue of the fact that it captures man’s imagination. It certainly has value for having the extraordinary capacity to fascinate multitudes across time. Ultimately, its worth, quality or excellence is confirmed by its ceaseless popularity. Works Cited Books Miller, Elizabeth. Bram Stoker’s Dracula: A Documentary Volume. Detroit: Gale, 2004. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. London: Penguin Books, 1994. Articles â€Å"Dracula.† The Athenaeum 26 June 1897: 235. â€Å"Dracula.† The Daily News 27 May 1897. â€Å"Dracula, by Bram Stoker.† Manchester Guardian 15 June 1897. â€Å"For Midnight Reading.† Pall Mall Gazette 1 June 1897. Jurisprudence Miller vs. California, 37 L. Ed. 2nd 419, 431 (1973).

Comparison of Catholic and Hindu Religious Services Essay Example

Comparison of Catholic and Hindu Religious Services Essay Example Comparison of Catholic and Hindu Religious Services Paper Comparison of Catholic and Hindu Religious Services Paper Their Sanctums Modern religions are separated by thousands of years of cultural diffusion and theological diversity. Each region of the planet has Its own popularized religious practices that therefore define the region and, more Importantly, the people that live there. However, what exactly separates two groups religious followers, for example, Catholics and Hindus? Is the difference the place they worship? Is the deference the way they worship? Theological beliefs do separate, however they are not usually noticeable on the outside looking in. What do us as people notice first that gives us the distinct sense that this religious assembly is nothing like that one? We see the building, the architecture, and we watch what they do. We watch how they participate. What actions they perform. What most distinctly separates two religious sectors as diverse as Catholic and Hindu are the architectures and religious practices that we see most often. Inside a Catholic Cathedral of a decent size, you may first notice that it has many sows of forward facing pews with a central isle leading to the front of the church. However, inside a Hindu temple, the worshipping Is concentrated in one central sanctum with standing room only. The walls at the temple are marble white with some colorful decorations of flowers on large marble columns. In the cathedral you may find a similarly plain color palette. Stone was originally used in most catholic cathedrals by the stone masons that built them in Europe, leading to most being stone grey, also with many columns. The only break from the blank color scheme is taint glass windows filtering light down onto the rows of pews and the banners hanging from the walls, displaying religious or seasonal pictures. Also, the largest difference you may find are the large amount of sculptures present In a Hindu Temple. This Is not so In a cathedral, or at least not to the same scale. This is because the Hindu religion, though it recognizes a single powerful entity, what most Catholics might refer to God, they also recognize that there are many deities that represent the different parts the entity. They worship each of these deities equally. Catholics have sculptures of Saints; however they only truly worship the one god, only giving thanks and praying for strength from Saints. This leads to there being fewer sculptures In a cathedral. However, you may see much art work of Saints if you travel extensively enough though a cathedral. Inside the worship service of a Cathedral, Men and women, dressed in mostly formal attire, suits and dresses, sit together in pews waiting for the Priest to begin the service. However, in a Hindu temple, men and women are separated and are reseed in what most westerners might think were dresses. Also, in a Hindu temple, It Is required Tanat tender De no snores worn Insane. Men called Brahmins lead t service, though most of the worshipping is done entirely by the individual patron. Comparatively, in a Cathedral, the patrons follow the strict direction of the Priest. Each individual in a Hindu temple is responsible for reciting their own Mantras. They may then give offerings. They then kneel or lay flat on their stomachs and pray. Then, they walk clockwise and stop at each side of the Sanctum and pray to each deity. In a Catholic Cathedral, Each patron listens to the Priest read scripture and then accepts communion. Communion, which is the practice of cleansing the body by eating of Chrisms body and blood, has been a central practice of Christian faiths since Chrisms death. They then kneel and give confession. The reason both of these religions, and most religions around the world, kneel is that it is a sign of submission; in this case submission to the will of God. The Lords Prayer is said and there is singing of a Canticle, reading of a psalm, then two scripture lessons each followed by hymn. The apostles Creed is read by the Priest and the patrons together. There is a collection of offering, not unlike that of the Hindu offerings. Each Church only survives as long as it has patrons who will practice the faith and offer their money to the cause. One last prayer and the people exit the church until next Mass. We arent accustomed to listening to and determining the differences in theology between two religious groups. When we are on the outside, all we see is where and how these people practice their faiths. When you stand a Catholic and a Hindu man next to each other you do not immediately notice their ideological separation, but rather what theyre wearing. This is not to say that religion is only skin, or clothing deep. Thousands of years have sculpted each religion to have its own unique beliefs and practices. However, when you compare them at first glance; when you see both groups worshipping what they believe in; it could appear that the only differences difference is the building and what the people are wearing when they kneel and pray.

Critical Informations Systems and Kudler Fine Foods

Critical Informations Systems and Kudler Fine Foods Free Online Research Papers Kudler Fine Foods is a small to medium-sized company in La Jolla, California. The La Jolla store functions as the headquarters for the company, with another two stores in Del Mar and Encinitas. Kudler Fine Foods has a unique way of doing business. The company makes effective use of outsourcing the shipping and inventory resources and combines four different business information systems to achieve a common business goal. An information system that is critical to the business processes of Kudler Fine Foods is an information system that tailors to operations within the company and combine existing information systems into one system that a manager uses to collect and organize the data into useful reports. By combining the efforts of the existing information systems, efficiency and productivity levels operate on the same level as larger corporations. The critical business information system that makes the company perform as a large corporation is the operations management information sys tem. The operations management information system collects, collaborates, and organizes information among the various information sub-systems: the Transaction Processing System (TPS), Just-In-Time (JIT) shipping information system, and the Human Resources Management Information System (HRMIS), and processes this data into useful information. The operations manager has functional oversight and is responsible for operating and maintaining of the operations management information system. The sales, shipping inventory, and human resources managers support the operations manager through the respective sub-systems (the TPS, JIT, and HRMIS systems), and through various reports, verbal, and written communication. The operations manager oversees operations and has operational responsibility of making all tactical and operational decisions for Kudler Fine Foods, and uses the operation management information system to make informed decisions on inventory requirements, sales, and product choices. Th e operation management information system’s infrastructure is set up in much the same way as the structure of the organization: The human resources manager, the sales manager, and the shipping inventory manager report to the operations manager, and their corresponding information systems send and receive data through the operation management information system. The operations manager reports to the Chief Executive Officer, and the operation management information system sends information and reports to the Executive Information System (EIS). The operation management information system and the supporting sub-systems closely resemble Kudler Fine Foods organizational hierarchy, and as a result, the operations manager can quickly and accurately generate reports, sales trends, and track inventory. Within minutes, the operations manager can view all aspects of company operations, from sales performance to delivery times, inventory, sales, local vendors that provide supplies and services, and importers that ship products to the company. The operations manager can quickly translate this data through the operation management information system into useful reports, and send reports and corresponding data to the chief executive officer by way of e-mail through the private corporate intranet. The operations manager can also send the same report simultaneously to the executive information system for processing and viewing by the chief executive officer, effectively reducing time spent on generating and submitting reports. The time spent on collecting data from the various sub-systems is time consuming, so the operation management information system retrieves only the necessary data at regular intervals to produce reports and provide input to the executive information system, track sal es trends, monitor sales activity on a minute-by-minute basis, record losses, track and manage inventory requirements, and manage vendor accounts. The activities mentioned above are necessary for normal business functions within the company. Kudler Fine Foods relies on the functions and features of the operation management information system to thrive in their respective market. In short, to survive in the modern market today, a management information system that assists the operations manager with effectively collecting, collaborating, and organizing information is crucial to the success of Kudler Fine Foods. The features and functions that tailor to the needs of the operations manager is what make the operation management information system a critical business tool for Kudler Fine Foods. The operation management information system provides the necessary features that collect data from the TPS, JIT, and HRMIS systems, and organizes this data into useful information in the form of reports, trends, and tracking information. The capabilities of the operation management information system allow Kudler Fine Foods to perform at peak efficiency, which allows the company to perform on the same level as a large corporation. The result is an information system that drastically reduces time, increases productivity, and reduces expenses, which increases Kudler Fine Foo ds bottom line. 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